<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *tōmijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_tōmijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_tomijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tōmijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>tōmijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtɔː.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᛟᛗᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to empty</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *tōmaz (‘free, clear, empty, unoccupied’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tōmijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tōmijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tōmijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tōmīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tōmijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tōmī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tōmijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tōmijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tōmīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tōmijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tōmijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tōmijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tōmijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>tōmijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>tōmijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>tōmijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>tōmijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>tōmijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tōmīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tōmīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tōmijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tōmidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tōmidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tōmidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tōmidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tōmidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tōmidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>tōmidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>tōmidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>tōmidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>tōmidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tōmidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tōmidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tōmidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tōmidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tōmidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tōmidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>tōmijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>tōmidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>tōmijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tōmijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>tēma</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tōmijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>tōmian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>ātōmian</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tœma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tøma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>tæma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tøma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>tömma</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tœma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tømme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>tømme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>tømma</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tœma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>temen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>teem</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>teme, teim</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tæma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tøma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>tæma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tøma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>tömma</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tæma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tømme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>tømme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>tømma</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tæma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>temen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>teem</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>teme, teim</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
