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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ubanē</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ubanē</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ubane" type="adverb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ubanē">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ubanē</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈu.βɑ.nɛː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚢᛒᚨᚾᛖ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adverb</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>from above</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *ub + *-anē.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*obanā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>uppan</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>ova, uppa, oppa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>ovan, ovana, uppan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*obanā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ufan, ufane</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>uven</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*obanā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>obana, ūfana, *ovana</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>oben, obene, *oven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>obn, om, oum, uom</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>oben</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>uewen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>uwa</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>אויבן (oybn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*obanā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>obana, ūfana, *ovana</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>oben, obene, *oven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>obe</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swabian</lang>
                          <orth>oba</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*obanā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>obana, ūfana, *ovana</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>oben, obene, *oven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                          <orth>owe</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*obanā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>obana, ūfana, *ovana</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>oben, obene, *oven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>owen, owe, uwe</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Pennsylvania German</lang>
                          <orth>owwe</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ofan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>oman</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>ofan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ofan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>oven</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>oven</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ofan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>ovan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>ovan</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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