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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *uberlīþaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_uberlīþaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_uberlithana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uberlīþaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>uberlīþaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌu.βer.ˈliː.θɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚢᛒᛖᚱᛚᛁᚦᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to go across, go over</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *uber- + *līþaną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>uberlīþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>uberlīþaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>uberlīþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ubirlīþizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>uberlīþaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>uberlīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>uberlīþazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>uberlīþaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ubirlīþidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>uberlīþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>uberlīþadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>uberlīþadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>uberlīþaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>uberlīþōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>uberlīþaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>uberlīþadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>uberlīþaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>uberlīþadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ubirlīþid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ubirlīþid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>uberlīþaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>uberlaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>uberlidį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>uberlaist</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>uberlidīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>uberlaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>uberlidī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>uberlidū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>uberlidīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>uberlidudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>uberlidīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>uberlidum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>uberlidīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>uberlidud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>uberlidīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>uberlidun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>uberlidīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>uberlīþandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>uberlidanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>uberlīþaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*obarlīþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>oferlīþan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*obarlīþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>overlīthan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>overliden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>overlijden</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>oorly</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*obarlīþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*ubarlīdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>überlīden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>überleiden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*obarlīþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*ovarlīþan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>ȫverlīden, ōverlīden</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ubirlīþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>oferlīþan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ubirlīþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>overlīthan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>overliden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>overlijden</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>oorly</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ubirlīþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*ubarlīdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>überlīden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>überleiden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ubirlīþan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*ovarlīþan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>ȫverlīden, ōverlīden</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (ufarleiþan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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