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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *uhsô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_uhsô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_uksen" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*uksḗn</orth>
          <def>bull</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_uhso" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uhsô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>uhsô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈux.sɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚢᚺᛊᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>ox</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_uksen"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_uksen">*uksḗn</ref></mentioned> (‘bull’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>uhsô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>uhsniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>uhsanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>uhsnuz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>uhsniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>uhsnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>uhsni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>uhsnamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>uhsnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>uhsnamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>uhsô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>uhsniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ohsō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>osso</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>osse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>os</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>os</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>os</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ohsō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>oxa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>oxe, hox, nox, occe, ocxe, okse, ox, oxhe, oxse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>ox</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ohsō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>oxa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>oxe, hox, nox, occe, ocxe, okse, ox, oxhe, oxse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Scots</lang>
                        <orth>ox, hox, oix, oxe, oxx</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>ouse</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ohsō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>oxa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Aus, oxse</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Okse</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>okse</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ohsō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ohso</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ohse, ochse, osse, ox</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>אָקס (oks)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ohsō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ohso</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ohse, ochse, osse, ox</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                          <orth>oks</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Mòcheno</lang>
                          <orth>ocks</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ohsō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ohso</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ohse, ochse, osse, ox</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Ohs</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                          <orth>Ochs</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Uess</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ohsō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ohso</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ohse, ochse, osse, ox</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Ochse, Ochs</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Ochs</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ohsō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*ohso</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>osce, ochse, osse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Osse, Oss</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Oss</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>oxi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>oksi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>oxi, uxi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>okse, ukse</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>oğse</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>oxi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>oxæ, uxæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>okse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>okse</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>oxi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>oxe, uxe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>oxe</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>uxi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>oksi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>oxi, uxi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>okse, ukse</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>oğse</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>uxi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>oxæ, uxæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>okse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>okse</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>uxi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>oxe, uxe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>oxe</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍃𐌰 (auhsa)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*vuoksā</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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