Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *-ukōnąScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ukōną
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Nominale Stammbildungslehre der altgermanischen DialekteFriedrichKlugeMax Niemayer1899Germanische Sprachwissenschaft III: WortbildungslehreHansKraheWolfgangMeidWalter de Gruyter1969The Proto-Germanic n-Stems: A Study in Diachronic MorphophonologyGuusKroonenRodopi2011aConsonant gradation in the Germanic iterative verbsGuusKroonenBenedicte NielsenWhiteheadThomasOlanderBirgit AnetteOlsenJens ElmegårdRasmussenThe Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and MorphophonemicsCopenhagenMuseum Tusculanum Press263–2882012a
suffixverbWeak class 2forms weak class 2 verbs from adjectives, nouns, and verbs; with adjectives and nouns it usually has factitive, causative, or inchoative force, ‘make X, become X, treat/use as X’; with verbs it forms affective intensives, frequentatives, or iterativesFrom *-uk- + *-ōną, probably resegmented from Weak class 2 verbs built to nominal or adjectival bases in the Proto-Germanic affective/diminutive k-suffix *-uka- (see *-ukazand *-ukô for more), with variant *ikōną. The suffix was then extended to new adjectives, nouns, and some verbal bases. The deeper origin of *-uk- is uncertain: it may continue an inherited or expressive *-(u)g-/*-(u)k- formation, perhaps with analogical generalization of *-k- from nominal *-k- suffixes Kluge 1899: 30–33Krahe & Meid 1969: 211–16. Some apparent deverbal examples may instead belong historically to the older Weak class 2 iterative ōn-verbs from Proto-Indo-European nasal presents of the -néh₂-/-n̥h₂- type Kroonen 2011a: 93–99Kroonen 2012a: 263–70, later attracted to the productive *(u)-kōną pattern.