Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *-ulazScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ulaz
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Nominale Stammbildungslehre der altgermanischen DialekteFriedrichKlugeMax Niemayer1899Germanische Sprachwissenschaft III: WortbildungslehreHansKraheWolfgangMeidWalter de Gruyter1969φειδωλόςsparing, thrifty*-ló-sforms agent nouns from verbal roots; forms diminutive nouns from noun stems; forms adjectives with the sense “pertaining to …”tremulusshaking, quaking, quivering, trembling, tremulousग्रहिलtaking, accepting; unyielding, relentless, obstinate
suffixadja-stemforms adjectives, chiefly from verbs and more rarely from nouns, meaning ‘given to X-ing, prone to X, inclined to X, characterized by X’; sometimes pejorativeFrom pre-Germanic *-u-ló-s, a productive Germanic development of the inherited Proto-Indo-European *-ló-s adjective/noun suffix. Variants include *-ila-, *-ala-, and *-ula-. Krahe and Meid 1969: 84–85 explicitly treat these variants as “suffix ablaut”, while also warning that the intervening vowels are not of one single origin; in some *-ula- forms the *-u- may be connected with old u-stems, and in West Germanic some apparent linking vowels before *-l- may also arise through vowel development/ anaptyxis rather than direct inheritance.In the adjectival class, *-alaz and *-ulaz became productive for “adjectives of inclination” (Adjektiva der Neigung), mostly deverbative and often pejorative. The oldest layer was formed to the zero-grade of the root, and cases with grammatical alternation point to earlier suffix accent, i.e. pre-Germanic *-aló-/ *-uló-Kluge 1899: 91–92Krahe & Meid 1969: 85–86. Compare Latin tremulus, Ancient Greek φειδωλός, and Sanskrit ग्रहिल, all showing comparable l-suffixal adjectives of disposition or characteristic tendency Kluge 1899: 91Krahe & Meid 1969: 86.