<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ulbanduz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ulbanduz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_elephantus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>elephantus</orth>
          <def>elephant</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ulbanduz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ulbanduz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ulbanduz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈul.βɑn.duz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚢᛚᛒᚨᚾᛞᚢᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">u-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>camel</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_elephantus"><ref target="#cog_lat_elephantus">elephantus</ref></mentioned> (‘elephant’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>ulbanduz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>ulbandiwiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>ulbandų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>ulbandunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>ulbandauz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>ulbandiwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>ulbandiwi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>ulbandumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>ulbandū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>ulbandumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>ulbandu</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>ulbandiwiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*olvant</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>olfendier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>olfend, olfenda, olbend</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>olfent, olfend, olvont, olvende, olvente</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>olbenta, olbenda, olpenta, olvenda, olvinda, ulvinda, olbendo, olbento</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>olbende</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>olbundeo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>olvant, olvent, olvat, olvet, olivant, olevant, olyfant, alvent</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*olvant</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>olfendier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>olfend, olfenda, olbend</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>olfent, olfend, olvont, olvende, olvente</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>olbenta, olbenda, olpenta, olvenda, olvinda, ulvinda, olbendo, olbento</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>olbende</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>olbundeo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>olvant, olvent, olvat, olvet, olivant, olevant, olyfant, alvent</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandijō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*olvant</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>olfendier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandijō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>olfend, olfenda, olbend</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>olfent, olfend, olvont, olvende, olvente</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandijō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>olbenta, olbenda, olpenta, olvenda, olvinda, ulvinda, olbendo, olbento</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>olbende</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*olbandijō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>olbundeo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>olvant, olvent, olvat, olvet, olivant, olevant, olyfant, alvent</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ulfaldi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>úlfaldi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>Ulvalde</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌿𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (ulbandus)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Slavic</lang>
                    <orth>*velьb(l)ǫdъ</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
