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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *utraz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_utraz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_udros" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*udrós</orth>
          <def>water-animal, otter</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_utraz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/utraz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>utraz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈut.rɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚢᛏᚱᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>otter</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_udros"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_udros">*udrós</ref></mentioned> (‘water-animal, otter’), from *wed- (‘water’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>utraz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>utrōz, utrōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>utrą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>utranz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>utras, utris</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>utrǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>utrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>utramaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>utrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>utramiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>utr</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>utrōz, utrōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*otr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*ottar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>otter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>ódder</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*otr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*ottar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>otter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>otter</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>otro</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*otr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>otr, oter, ottor, otor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>oter, otir, otur, otyre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>otter</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>otter</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*otr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*otter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Otter</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>otter</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*otr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ottar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>otter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Otter</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*otr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*ottar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>otter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Otter</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>otr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>odder</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>otur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>otur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>oter</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>oter</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>otr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>uter, oter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>utter</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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