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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wagnaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wagnaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_wegh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*weǵʰ-</orth>
          <def>to move</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wagnaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wagnaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wagnaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwɑɣ.nɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚨᚷᚾᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>cart, wagon</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *wóǵʰnos, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wegh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wegh">*weǵʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to transport’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>wagnaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>wagnōz, wagnōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>wagną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>wagnanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>wagnas, wagnis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>wagnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>wagnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>wagnamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>wagnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>wagnamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>wagn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>wagnōz, wagnōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wagan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>wage</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wagan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wagen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>wa</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Asturian</lang>
                          <orth>guaḥe</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>wâxe</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Lokono</lang>
                          <orth>wagen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wagan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wagen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>wagi</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Aukan</lang>
                            <orth>wagi</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Caribbean Javanese</lang>
                            <orth>wagé</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Dutch</lang>
                            <orth>waggie</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Saramaccan</lang>
                            <orth>wági</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wæġn, wæġen, wǣn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wayn, wain, wein, weyne, weine, wayne, wayen, wene, wen, waȝȝn, waynne, wane</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wain</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>wain, wayn, wane</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wain, wein</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wajen</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Woain</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wein</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wagan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Wagen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>וואָגן (vogn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wagan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                          <orth>baago</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wagan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Woon</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                          <orth>Waan</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Won</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>wagan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Wagen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>vagnur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>vagn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>?, vogn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>vogn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>vognur</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vagn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vaghn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vagn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Finnish</lang>
                        <orth>vaunu</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Crimean Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>waghen</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*vatnas</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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