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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *waikwijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_waikwijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_waikwijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waikwijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>waikwijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwɑi̯.kʷi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚨᛁᚲᚹᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to make weak, to weaken, to soften</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *waikwaz (‘weak’) + *-janą or *wīkwaną (‘to yield, to fold’) + *-janą, which would make the original sense of this word 'to cause to yield'.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waikwijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waikwijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waikwijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waikwīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waikwijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waikwī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waikwijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waikwijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waikwīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waikwijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waikwijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waikwijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waikwijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>waikwijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>waikwijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>waikwijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>waikwijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>waikwijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waikwīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waikwīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waikwijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waikwidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waikwidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waikwidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waikwidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waikwidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waikwidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>waikwidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>waikwidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>waikwidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>waikwidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waikwidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waikwidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waikwidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waikwidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waikwidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waikwidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>waikwijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>waikwidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>waikwijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waikwijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wǣcan</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wēka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waikwijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wēken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wēken, weiken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>weike</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waikwijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wēken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wēken, weiken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>weken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>week</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waikwijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>avachir</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>avachir</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>avachir</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waikwijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>weihhen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>weichen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>bòochan</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>weichen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>weechen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waikwijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*wēkian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>weiken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>veikja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>veikja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>veikja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vēkia</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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