<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wainagaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wainagaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wainagaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wainagaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wainagaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwɑi̯.nɑ.ɣɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚨᛁᚾᚨᚷᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>woeful, sad</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>pathetic, pitiable</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *wainōną (‘to whine’) + *-gaz.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>wainagaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>wainagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>wainagą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>wainagai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>wainagôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>wainagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>wainaganǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>wainagǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>wainagą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>wainaganz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>wainagōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>wainagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>wainagas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>wainagaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>wainagas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>wainagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>wainagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>wainagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>wainagammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>wainagaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>wainagammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>wainagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>wainagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>wainagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>wainaganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>wainagaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>wainaganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>wainagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>wainagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>wainagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>wainagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>wainagǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>wainagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>wainaganiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>wainagōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>wainagōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>wainaganų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>wainagōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>wainagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>wainaganunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>wainagōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>wainagōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>wainaginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>wainagōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>wainaginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>wainaganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>wainagōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>wainaganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>wainagini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>wainagōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>wainagini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>wainagammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>wainagōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>wainagammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>wainaginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>wainagōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>wainaginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>wainagammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>wainagōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>wainagammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wainag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>weinig</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>weinich, wênich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>weinig</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>weinig</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>wääinix</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Kwinti</lang>
                          <orth>weiniki</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>wenig, weinig</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wainag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wēnag</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>weinic, wēnec</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>wänng</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>winnig</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>wenig</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>wéineg</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>ווייניק (veynik)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wainag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*weinag, *wēnag</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wēnich, weinich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>weinich</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>weinich</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wainag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*weinag, *wēnag</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wēnich, weinich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>weinig</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>wennig, wenig, weinig, wäinig, wänig</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍃 (wainahs)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*vainaga</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
