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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wakaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wakaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_weg" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*weǵ-</orth>
          <def>to be strong, be awake, be fresh, be cheerful</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_vegeo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>vegeō</orth>
          <def>be quick, be aroused, be alert</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wakana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wakaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wakaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚨᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 6</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to wake, be awake, arise</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_weg"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_weg">*weǵ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to be strong, be awake, be fresh, be cheerful’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_vegeo"><ref target="#cog_lat_vegeo">vegeō</ref></mentioned> (‘be quick, be aroused, be alert’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wakaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wakai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wakizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wakaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wak</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wakazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wakaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wakidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wakai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wakadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wakadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wakaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wakōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wakaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wakadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wakaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wakadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wakamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wakaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wakandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wakaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wakid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wakaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wakid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wakandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wakaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wakandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wakain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wakandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wakandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wakaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wōk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wōkį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wōht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wōkīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wōk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wōkī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>wōkū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>wōkīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>wōkudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>wōkīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wōkum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wōkīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wōkud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wōkīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wōkun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wōkīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>wakandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>wakanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>wakaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wakan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wacan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>waken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wake</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>wake</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>vakinn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                      <orth>watjin</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>vakin</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>vakinn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>vakinn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>vågen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>våken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>vakinn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>vaken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>vaken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>vakinn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vakin, vaken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>vaken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wakan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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