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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wakāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wakāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_weg" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*weǵ-</orth>
          <def>to be strong, be awake, be fresh, be cheerful</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wakana_x2" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wakāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wakāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwɑ.kɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚨᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to wake, to be awake</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_weg"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_weg">*weǵ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to wake, be strong’). Equivalent to *wakaną (‘to wake up’) + *-āną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wakō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wakaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wakai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wakāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wakaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wakāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wakāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wakōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wakāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wakāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wakāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wakānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wakaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wakaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wakānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wakānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wakānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wakānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wakadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wakadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wakadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wakadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wakadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wakadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>wakadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>wakadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>wakadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>wakadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wakadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wakadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wakadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wakadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wakadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wakadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>wakāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>wakadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>wakāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wakēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wakia</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wakēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wacon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wāken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>waken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>wake</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wakēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wacian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wakien, waken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wake</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>wauk, walk, wak, wake</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wakēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wahhēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wachen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>bachan</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>wachen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>waachen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>וואַכן (vakhn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wakēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>wakōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>waken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>wakjen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vaka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>wåkå</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>vaka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>vake</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>vaka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>våga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>vaga</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vaka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>våke, vake</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>vake, vaka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vaka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>wakæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>våge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vaka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vaka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vaka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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