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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *waltijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_waltijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_waltijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waltijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>waltijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwɑl.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚨᛚᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>To roll; cause to roll</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>To roll around; wallow</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *waltaną + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waltijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waltijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waltijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waltīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waltijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waltī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waltijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waltijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waltīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waltijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waltijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waltijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waltijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>waltijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>waltijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>waltijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>waltijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>waltijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waltijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waltijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waltijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waltijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waltīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waltijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waltīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waltijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waltijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waltijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waltijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waltijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waltijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waltijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waltidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waltidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waltidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waltidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waltidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waltidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>waltidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>waltidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>waltidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>waltidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waltidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waltidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waltidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waltidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waltidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waltidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>waltijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>waltidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>waltijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waltijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*welten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>welteren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>welteren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waltijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wæltan, weltan, *wieltan, wyltan, wiltan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>welten, walten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>welt, walt</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>welt, walt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waltijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>welzen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>welzen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>wälzen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waltijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>weltian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>walten, wölten, walteren, wolteren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>weltern, wältern</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>velta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>vælte</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>velta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>velte</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>velta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vælta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>välta</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (waltjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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