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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wangaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wangaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_prg_wangus" xml:lang="prg" type="cognate">
          <orth>wangus</orth>
          <def>oak forest</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_vanc" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>वञ्च्</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>vañc</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to move crookedly</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wangaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wangaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wangaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwɑŋ.ɡɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚨᚾᚷᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>field, meadow, pasture, plain</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *wengʰ-, *wenk- (‘to be bent or bowed’), the same source as *wangô (‘cheek’). Compare Old Prussian <mentioned xml:lang="prg" target="#cog_prg_wangus"><ref target="#cog_prg_wangus">wangus</ref></mentioned> (‘oak forest’), Albanian vang (‘fallow’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_vanc"><ref target="#cog_san_vanc">वञ्च्</ref></mentioned> (vañc, ‘to move crookedly’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>wangaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>wangōz, wangōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>wangą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>wanganz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>wangas, wangis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>wangǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>wangai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>wangamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>wangō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>wangamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>wang</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>wangōz, wangōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wang</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wang</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wang</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wang, wong</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wong</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wong</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wang</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>wang</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>hevanwang</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vangr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>vangur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>vangur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>vång</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>vang</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vangr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>vang</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>vang</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vangr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vanger</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vång</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃 (waggs)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Albanian</lang>
                    <orth>fëng, fang</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*vāŋkē</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
