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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *warō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_warō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_wer" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*wer-</orth>
          <def>to close, shut, lock, protect, defend, block</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_wes" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*wes-</orth>
          <def>to sell</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_waro" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>warō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwɑ.rɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚨᚱᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a good, merchandise, ware</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. It is uncertain whether the urform was *warō or *wazō. If *warō, then from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wer"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wer">*wer-</ref></mentioned> (‘to heed, watch, guard, protect’). If *wazō, then from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wes"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wes">*wes-</ref></mentioned> (‘to sell’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>warō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>warôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>warǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>warōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>warōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>warǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>warōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>warōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>warō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>warōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>warō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>warôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waru</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wara</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ware</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>waar</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>waar</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waru</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>waru</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ware</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>ware</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>ware, war, wair</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waru</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>ware, were</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Were</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>waar</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waru</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*wara</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ware, war</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Ware</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waru</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>wara</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>ware, war, wāre, wār</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Ware, Waar, Woor</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Woa</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vara</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>vøra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>vara</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>vare</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>vare</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vara</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>waræ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>vare</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vara</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vara</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vara</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*vara</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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