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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *waskaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_waskaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_waskana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waskaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>waskaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwɑs.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚨᛊᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7c</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to wash</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From earlier *watskaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wod-ske-, a ske-present formation from *wed- (‘wet, water’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waskaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waskai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waskizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waskaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wask</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waskazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waskaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waskidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waskai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waskadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waskadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waskaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>waskōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>waskaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>waskadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>waskaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>waskadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waskamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waskaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waskandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>waskaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waskid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waskaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waskid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waskandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>waskaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waskandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waskain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waskandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waskandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>waskaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wewask</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wewaskį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wewast</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wewaskīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wewask</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wewaskī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>wewaskū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>wewaskīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>wewaskudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>wewaskīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wewaskum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wewaskīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wewaskud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wewaskīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wewaskun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wewaskīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>waskandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>waskanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>waskaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waskan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wascan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wasschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wassen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>wasje, wesje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waskan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wascan, wæscan, wacsan, waxan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wasshen, wasch, wasche, waschen, waschsche, washe, washen, wasse, wasschen, wasshe, weschen, waischen, waissche, waisshen, wayschen, whasche, whaschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>wash, wesh</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waskan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wascan, wæscan, wacsan, waxan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wasshen, wasch, wasche, waschen, waschsche, washe, washen, wasse, wasschen, wasshe, weschen, waischen, waissche, waisshen, wayschen, whasche, whaschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wash</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swazi</lang>
                          <orth>washa</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waskan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>waschier, guaschier, gascher</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Italian</lang>
                      <orth>guazzare</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waskan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>waschier, guaschier, gascher</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>gascher</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>gâcher</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waskan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>waska</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>waaske</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>waskje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waskan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wascan, waskan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>waschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>wäsche</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>bèssan</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>waschen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>wäschen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>וואַשן (vashn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*waskan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>waskan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>waschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>waschen, wasken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vaska</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>vaska</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>vaska</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vaska</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vaska</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>vaske</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>vaske</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vaska</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>vaska</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Russenorsk</lang>
                      <orth>vaskom</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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