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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *waþwô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_waþwô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
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    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_vatax" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>vatāx</orth>
          <def>having a deformity of the feet</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_vatius" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>vatius</orth>
          <def>bent outward</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_uru" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>ऊरु</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ūrú-</orth>
          </form>
          <def>calf</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wathwo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waþwô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>waþwô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwɑ.θwɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚨᚦᚹᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>calf</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>muscle</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *uH-two- from a root Proto-Indo-European *weH-, from which Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_uru"><ref target="#cog_san_uru">ऊरु</ref></mentioned> (ūrú-, ‘calf’) could also be derived. Probably not related to Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_vatius"><ref target="#cog_lat_vatius">vatius</ref></mentioned> (‘bent outward’) and Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_vatax"><ref target="#cog_lat_vatax">vatāx</ref></mentioned> (‘having a deformity of the feet’), as the connection between “calf” and “bend” is weak.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>waþwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>waþwaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>waþwanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>waþwanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>waþwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>waþwanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>waþwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>waþwammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>waþwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>waþwammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>waþwô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>waþwaniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>watho</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>wāde</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Waad</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*watho</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wade, waede, waeye</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wade, waai</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>waai</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>wado</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>wade</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Wade</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                      <orth>Wued</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vǫðvi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>vøddi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>vöðvi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>vodve, vovde, vodd, vørve, vauve, vodje, modve</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vǫðvi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vaþve</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vad</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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