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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *welwaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_welwaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_welh3" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*welh₃-</orth>
          <def>to hit, strike</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_welwana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/welwaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>welwaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwel.wɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛖᛚᚹᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>To rob, plunder</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_welh3"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_welh3">*welh₃-</ref></mentioned> (‘to hit, strike’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>welwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>welwaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>welwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wilwizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>welwaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>welw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>welwazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>welwaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wilwidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>welwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>welwadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>welwadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>welwaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>welwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>welwaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>welwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>welwaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>welwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>welwamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>welwaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>welwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>welwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wilwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>welwaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wilwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>welwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>welwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>welwandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>welwain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>welwandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>welwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>welwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>walw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wulwį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>walst</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wulwīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>walw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wulwī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>wulwū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>wulwīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>wulwudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>wulwīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wulwum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wulwīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wulwud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wulwīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wulwun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wulwīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>welwandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>wulwanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>welwaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*welwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>welwan, wilwan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*welwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wlemma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wlemmelsa</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 (wilwan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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