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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *werduz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_werduz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_werduz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werduz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>werduz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwer.ðuz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛖᚱᛞᚢᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">u-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>host</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Pre-Germanic *(H)wer-tú-s, which could be related to *waraz (‘watchful, aware’), in which case the original sense was "attender"; the related Old Norse verðr (‘meal’) would then have had an earlier meaning of "attendance." Or, possibly related to *werþaną (‘to come about, happen’), with sense development "turn" &gt; " participation".</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>werduz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>wirdiwiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>werdų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>werdunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>werdauz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>wirdiwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>wirdiwi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>werdumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>werdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>werdumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>werdu</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>wirdiwiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>weard</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>ward</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>ward</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>*werd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>weerd</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>Weerd</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>weard</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>werda</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>weerd</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>Weerd</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>weard</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>werdskip</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>weerd</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>Weerd</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>weard</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>werd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>wert</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>vært</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                      <orth>werd</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Weert</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>värt</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>vert</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                      <orth>Wieet</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Polabian</lang>
                      <orth>vart</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>värd</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>wird</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>wert</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>vært</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                      <orth>werd</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Weert</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>värt</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>vert</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                      <orth>Wieet</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Polabian</lang>
                      <orth>vart</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>värd</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*wird</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wert, wāert</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>waard</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>waard</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*wirt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>wirt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Wirt</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                      <orth>Wiert</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*wirt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>wirt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>biart, birt</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Mòcheno</lang>
                        <orth>birt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (wairdus)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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