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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wihslaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wihslaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_vicis" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>vicis</orth>
          <def>change</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_visti" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>विष्टी</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>viṣṭī</orth>
          </form>
          <def>changeable, changing</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wihslaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wihslaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wihslaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwix.slɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛁᚺᛊᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>change</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *weyk-slo-s, from *weyk- (‘to exchange, curve’). Related to *wikǭ (‘week’) and *wīkwaną (‘to yield, to fold’); outside of Germanic, compare Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_vicis"><ref target="#cog_lat_vicis">vicis</ref></mentioned> (‘change’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_visti"><ref target="#cog_san_visti">विष्टी</ref></mentioned> (viṣṭī, ‘changeable, changing’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>wihslaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>wihslōz, wihslōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>wihslą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>wihslanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>wihslas, wihslis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>wihslǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>wihslai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>wihslamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>wihslō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>wihslamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>wihsl</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>wihslōz, wihslōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>wrixl</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>wrixle</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>wixle</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>Wiksel</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wiksel, wissel</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>wixele</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>Wiksel</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wiksel, wissel</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*wehsal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>wessele, wesle</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Wessel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*wesl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>wessele, wesle</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Wessel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*wehsel</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wessel, wixel, wissele, wissel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wissel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>wissel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*wihsil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wessel, wixel, wissele, wissel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wissel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>wissel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>wehsal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>wëhsel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                      <orth>Wiessel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>wehsal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>wëhsel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Wechsel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Polish</lang>
                        <orth>weksel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>wehsal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>wëhsel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Wechsel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Russian</lang>
                        <orth>ве́ксель (vékselʹ)</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>veksel</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víxl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>veksel</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>víxl</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>veksel</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víxl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>växel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Finnish</lang>
                      <orth>vekseli</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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