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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wikkōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wikkōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wikkona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wikkōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wikkōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwik.kɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛁᚲᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to practice sorcery</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From earlier paradigm *wikkōþi ~ *wigunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *wik-nā́-ti ~ *wik-un-ánti, from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (‘to separate (out as holy)’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wikkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wikkǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wikkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wikkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wikkōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wikkōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wikkōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wikkōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wikkōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wikkōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>wikkōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>wikkōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>wikkōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>wikkōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wikkōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>wikkōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>wikkōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>wikkōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wikkōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wikkon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wicken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wikken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                          <orth>wikke</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wikkōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wiċċian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wicchen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>witch</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>wich, wech, witch</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wikkōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*wikkia, *wikia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wikje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wikje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wikkōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*wikkōn, *wihhōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wicken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>wicken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wikkōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*wikkōn, *wikkiōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wicken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>wicken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wikkijōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wikkon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wicken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wikken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                          <orth>wikke</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wikkijōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wiċċian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wicchen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>witch</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>wich, wech, witch</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wikkijōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*wikkia, *wikia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wikje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wikje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wikkijōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*wikkōn, *wihhōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wicken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>wicken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wikkijōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*wikkōn, *wikkiōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wicken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>wicken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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