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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *winidaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_winidaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_wenh1" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*wenh₁-</orth>
          <def>to wish, desire, love</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_winidaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/winidaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>winidaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwi.ni.ðɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛁᚾᛁᛞᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a member of the “Baltic Veneti” (tribe of unknown affiliation)</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>an eastern foreigner, a Slav, Wend</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From the name of the “Vistula Veneti” or “Baltic Veneti”, one of at least three ancient tribal groupings going by the name *Wenet-. What kind of tribe this was is unknown. It may have been Proto-Balto-Slavic. Another theory postulates that it was Germanic and its name came to be assigned to the Slavs who repopulated their territory during the Migration Period. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wenh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wenh1">*wenh₁-</ref></mentioned> (‘to love, desire’). Compare Proto-Germanic *winiz (‘friend’) and Latin Venetī.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>winidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>winidōz, winidōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>winidą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>winidanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>winidas, winidis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>winidǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>winidai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>winidamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>winidō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>winidamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>winid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>winidōz, winidōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*winid</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>Winedas</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*winid</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>winid</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wint, winde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Winde</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*winid</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>Winoth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Wēnt, Went</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Wende</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>Wend</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*winiþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>Winedas</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*winiþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>winid</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wint, winde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Winde</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*winiþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>Winoth</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Wēnt, Went</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Wende</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>Wend</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vindr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>Vindur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*venät</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Estonian</lang>
                    <orth>vene</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Finnish</lang>
                    <orth>Venäjä</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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