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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *winistraz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_winistraz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_wenh1" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*wenh₁-</orth>
          <def>to wish, desire, love</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_winistraz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/winistraz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>winistraz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwi.nis.trɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛁᚾᛁᛊᛏᚱᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>left (opposite of right)</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">As with many words for 'left', this word was probably a tabooistic formation from *winiz (‘friend’), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wenh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wenh1">*wenh₁-</ref></mentioned> (‘to strive for, wish for, desire, love’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>winistraz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>winistrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>winistrą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>winistrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>winistrôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>winistrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>winistranǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>winistrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>winistrą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>winistranz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>winistrōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>winistrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>winistras, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>winistraizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>winistras, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>winistraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>winistraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>winistraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>winistrammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>winistraizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>winistrammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>winistraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>winistraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>winistraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>winistranō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>winistraizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>winistranō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>winistraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>winistraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>winistraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>winistrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>winistrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>winistrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>winistraniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>winistrōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>winistrōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>winistranų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>winistrōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>winistrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>winistranunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>winistrōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>winistrōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>winistriniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>winistrōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>winistriniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>winistranǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>winistrōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>winistranǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>winistrini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>winistrōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>winistrini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>winistrammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>winistrōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>winistrammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>winistrinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>winistrōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>winistrinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>winistrammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>winistrōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>winistrammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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