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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wirtiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wirtiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_rhiza" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>cognate ῥίζα</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>rhíza</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wirtiz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wirtiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wirtiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwir.tiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛁᚱᛏᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>beerwort</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>herb; spice</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly related to *wurt-, the oblique stem of *wrōts (‘root’), despite uncertain development of the root vowel. May reflect a back-formed full-grade [Term?] from pre-Germanic [Term?], or less likely may reflect an old PIE full-grade *wer(h₂)d- without parallels. Note a similar problem with the Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_rhiza"><ref target="#cog_grc_rhiza">cognate ῥίζα</ref></mentioned> (rhíza).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>wirtiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>wirtīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>wirtį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>wirtinz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>wirtīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>wirtijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>wirtī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>wirtimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>wirtī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>wirtimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>wirti</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>wirtīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>wirt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>wert, werte</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*wirt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wert, werte</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>wirz</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>wirz</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>virtr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>virtur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>virtur, virt</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>vørter</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>vørter, vyrter, vyrt, vørt, vurt, vytter</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>vert</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vört</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*verdek</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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