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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wraihaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wraihaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_wroyk_o" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*wróyḱ-o-.</orth>
          <def>to twist, to bend</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wraihaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wraihaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wraihaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwrɑi̯.xɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚱᚨᛁᚺᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>crooked</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wroyk_o"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wroyk_o">*wróyḱ-o-. from *wreyḱ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to twist, to bend’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>wraihaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>wraihō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>wraihą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>wraiwrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>wraihôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>wraihō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>wraihanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>wraihǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>wraihą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>wraihanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>wraihōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>wraihō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>wraihas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>wraihas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>wraihammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>wraihammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>wraihanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>wraihanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>wraiwraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>wraihô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>wraihǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>wraihô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>wraihaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>wraihōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>wraihōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>wraihanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>wraihōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>wraihô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>wraihanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>wraihōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>wraihōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>wraihiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>wraihōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>wraihiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>wraihanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>wraihōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>wraihanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>wraihini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>wraihōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>wraihini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>wraihammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>wraihōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>wraihammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>wraihinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>wraihōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>wraihinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>wraihammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>wraihōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>wraihammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>*wrāh</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>wraw</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>wrāk</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vrå</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
