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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wrainiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wrainiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_wer" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*wer-</orth>
          <def>to close, shut, lock, protect, defend, block</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wrainiz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrainiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wrainiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwrɑi̯.niz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚱᚨᛁᚾᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>ardent, rutting, in heat</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wer"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wer">*wer-</ref></mentioned> (‘to twist, bend, wind’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>wrainiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>wrainī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>wrainį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>wrainijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>wrainijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>wrainijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>wrainijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>wrainijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>wrainį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>wrainijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>wrainijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>wrainijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>wrainijas, wrainīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>wrainijas, wrainīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>wrainijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>wrainijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>wrainijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>wrainijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>wrainijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>wrainijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>wrainijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>wrainijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>wrainijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>wrainijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>wrainijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>wrainijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>wrainijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>wrainijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>wrainijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>wrainijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>wrainijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>wrainīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>wrainijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>wrainīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>wrainijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>wrainijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>wrainijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>wrainīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>wrainijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>wrainīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>wrainijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>wrainijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>wrainijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>wrainīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>wrainijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>wrainīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>wrainijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>wrainijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>wrainijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wrainī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wrǣne</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wrene</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wrainī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*wrainijan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>*wrǣnan</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old English</lang>
                        <orth>āwrǣnan</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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