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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wrekaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wrekaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_hit_urki" xml:lang="hit" type="cognate">
          <orth>ūrki-</orth>
          <def>track</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_wreg" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*wreg-</orth>
          <def>track, hunt, follow</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_urgere" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>urgēre</orth>
          <def>to be urgent</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_vrajati" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>व्रजति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>vrájati</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to go, walk, move</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_verti" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*vèrťi</orth>
          <def>to throw, leap</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_txb_werke" xml:lang="txb" type="cognate">
          <orth>werke</orth>
          <def>to chase, hunt</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wrekana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrekaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wrekaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwre.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚱᛖᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 5</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to pursue, to drive out</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wreg"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_wreg">*wreg-</ref></mentioned> (‘track, hunt, follow’). Cognate with Hittite <mentioned xml:lang="hit" target="#cog_hit_urki"><ref target="#cog_hit_urki">ūrki-</ref></mentioned> (‘track’), Tocharian B <mentioned xml:lang="txb" target="#cog_txb_werke"><ref target="#cog_txb_werke">werke</ref></mentioned> (‘to chase, hunt’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_vrajati"><ref target="#cog_san_vrajati">व्रजति</ref></mentioned> (vrájati, ‘to go, walk, move’), and perhaps Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_urgere"><ref target="#cog_lat_urgere">urgēre</ref></mentioned> (‘to be urgent’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_verti"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_verti">*vèrťi</ref></mentioned> (‘to throw, cast’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wrekō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wrekaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wrekai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrikizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrekaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrek</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrekazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrekaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrikidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrekai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrekadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrekadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrekaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wrekōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wrekaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wrekadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wrekaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wrekadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrekamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrekaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrekandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrekaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrikid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrekaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrikid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrekandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrekaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrekandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrekain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrekandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrekandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrekaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wrak</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wrēkį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wraht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrēkīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrak</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrēkī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>wrēkū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>wrēkīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>wrēkudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>wrēkīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrēkum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrēkīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrēkud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrēkīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrēkun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrēkīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>wrekandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>wrekanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>wrekaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wrekan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wrekan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wrēken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wreken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>wreek</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wrekan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wrecan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wreken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wreak</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>wreke, wrek, wreik</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wrekan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wreka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wrekke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wrekan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>rëhhan, wrëhhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rëchen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>rächen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>rächen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wrekan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>wrekan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wrēken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vreka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>vrage</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>reka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>bräkä</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>reka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vreka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>reke</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>reka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>vreka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vræka, rwæka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vräka, räka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>reka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>vrage</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>reka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>bräkä</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>reka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>reka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>reke</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>reka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>reka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vræka, rwæka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vräka, räka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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