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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wrimpaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wrimpaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_rhembo" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ῥέμβω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>rhémbō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to turn in circles</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wrimpana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrimpaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wrimpaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwrim.pɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚱᛁᛗᛈᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to grimace, to wince</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *wer- (‘to turn, twist’). Compare Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_rhembo"><ref target="#cog_grc_rhembo">ῥέμβω</ref></mentioned> (rhémbō, ‘I turn in circles’).</seg>
            <seg type="p">Possibly a Blend of *wringaną (‘to squeeze, to twist’) + *hrimpaną (‘to wrinkle, to shrink’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrimp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrimpaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wrimpōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wrimpaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wrimpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wrimpaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wrimpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrimpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wramp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wrumpį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wramft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wrumpīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wramp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wrumpī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>wrumpū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>wrumpīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>wrumpudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>wrumpīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrumpum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wrumpīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrumpud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wrumpīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrumpun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wrumpīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>wrimpandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>wrumpanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>wrimpaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wrimpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wrimpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wrimpen, wrempen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wrimpen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wrimpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*rimpfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>rimpfen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wrimpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*wrimpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wrimpen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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