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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wunskijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wunskijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wunskijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wunskijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wunskijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwun.ski.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᚢᚾᛊᚲᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to wish, to desire</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *wunskaz (‘wish’) + *-janą or *wunskō (‘wish’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wunskijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wunskijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wunskijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wunskīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wunskijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wunskī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wunskijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wunskijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wunskīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wunskijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wunskijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wunskijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wunskijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wunskijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wunskijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wunskijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wunskijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wunskijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wunskīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wunskīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wunskijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wunskidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wunskidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wunskidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wunskidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wunskidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wunskidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>wunskidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>wunskidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>wunskidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>wunskidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wunskidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wunskidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wunskidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wunskidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wunskidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wunskidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>wunskijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>wunskidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>wunskijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wunskijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wunsken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wonschen, wunschen, wenschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>wönsje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wunskijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wunsken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wonschen, wunschen, wenschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wensen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>wens</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wunskijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wȳsċan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wüschen, wischen, wisshen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wish</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>wis</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>vish</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wunskijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*wenskia, *wunskia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wonskje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>winskje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wunskijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wunsken, wunscen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Serbo-Croatian</lang>
                      <orth>приу̀штити, priùštiti</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Slovene</lang>
                      <orth>voščiti, privoščiti</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wunskijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wunsken, wunscen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wunschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>wënschen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>ווינטשן (vintshn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wunskijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wunsken, wunscen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wunschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>wünschen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Carpathian Rusyn</lang>
                          <orth>вінчова́ти (vinčováty)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Czech</lang>
                          <orth>vinšovat</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Slovak</lang>
                          <orth>vinšovať</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wunskijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wunsken, wunscen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wunschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>wünschen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Polish</lang>
                          <orth>winszować</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Belarusian</lang>
                            <orth>віншава́ць (vinšavácʹ)</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Ukrainian</lang>
                            <orth>віншува́ти (vinšuváty)</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wunskijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*wunskian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wunschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>wönschen, wünsken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>wöösken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>wenschen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>œskja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>yönstja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>ynskja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>ynske</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>æskja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Jamtish</lang>
                    <orth>ønskje</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>ynskja, ønskja, yskje, yski</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>œskja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>ȳskæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>ønske</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>ønske</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>ønske, ønska</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>œskja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>ȳskia, ø̄skia, ønskia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>önska</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ǿskja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>yönstja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>ynskja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>ynske</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>æskja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Jamtish</lang>
                    <orth>ønskje</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>ynskja, ønskja, yskje, yski</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ǿskja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>ȳskæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>ønske</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>ønske</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>ønske, ønska</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ǿskja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>ȳskia, ø̄skia, ønskia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>önska</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ýskja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>yönstja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>ynskja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>ynske</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>æskja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Jamtish</lang>
                    <orth>ønskje</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>ynskja, ønskja, yskje, yski</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ýskja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>ȳskæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>ønske</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>ønske</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>ønske, ønska</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ýskja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>ȳskia, ø̄skia, ønskia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>önska</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*uskodak</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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