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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wībą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wībą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghwibh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gʰwíbʰ-</orth>
          <def>pudenda</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wiba" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wībą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wībą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwiː.βɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛁᛒᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>woman</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>wife</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Unknown, with a number of disputed suggestions. One suggestion connects Tocharian A/B kip/kwīpe (‘genitals, female pudenda’) (perhaps also Albanian cipë (‘sense of shame, membrane’)), for a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghwibh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghwibh">*gʰwíbʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘pudenda’).</seg>
            <seg type="p">Another suggestion connects Old English wǣfan (‘wrap, clothe’), Old Norse vífa (‘wrap, veil’) for a suggested original motive of "married woman wearing a scarf", though with no certain further cognates outside of Germanic.</seg>
            <seg type="p">Yet another suggestion connects Old High German weibon (‘move to and fro’), Old Norse veifa (‘swing, throw’), for a motive of "one who is moving busily; housekeeper, maidservant" (cf. German Weibel (‘manservant, usher’)).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>wībą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>wībō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>wībą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>wībō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>wības, wībis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>wībǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>wībai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>wībamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>wībō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>wībamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>wībą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>wībō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wīf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wijf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wijf</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>wyf</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>wefi</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wīf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wif, wyf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>wife</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wīf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wif, wyf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wife</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>wefi</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wīf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wif, wyf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wife</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Japanese</lang>
                          <orth>ワイフ (waifu)</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>English</lang>
                            <orth>waifu</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wīf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wüf</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Wieuw</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wiif, wyf</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīb</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wīp, wīf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Wiev, Wivv, Weiv</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Weib</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>bow</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>ווײַב (vayb)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>wīf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wîf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Wiev</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Wief</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víf</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>viv</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>vív</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>víf</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>viv</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>viv</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víf</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vīf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>viv, vif</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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