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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wīdaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wīdaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_weidus" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*weidus</orth>
          <def>wild</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dwi" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dwi-</orth>
          <def>two</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_divido" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>dīvidō</orth>
          <def>separate, sunder</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_widaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīdaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wīdaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwiː.ðɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛁᛞᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>wide</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>broad</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Pre-Germanic *h₁weydʰh₁os (‘set apart, asunder, in two’), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dwi"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dwi">*dwi-</ref></mentioned> (‘two’) (see *dwóh₁) + *dʰeh₁- (‘to put’), apparently with dissimilation of the first d-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *widuwǭ (‘widow’), *widuz (‘wood’), Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_weidus"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_weidus">*weidus</ref></mentioned> (‘wild’) and Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_divido"><ref target="#cog_lat_divido">dīvidō</ref></mentioned> (‘separate, sunder’), vītō (‘avoid, shun’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīdą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīdai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīdôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīdanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīdą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīdanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīdōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīdō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīdas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīdaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīdas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīdaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīdaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīdaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīdammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīdaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīdammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīdaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīdaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīdaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīdanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīdaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīdanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīdaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīdaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīdaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīdô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīdô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīdaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīdōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīdōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīdanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīdōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīdô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīdanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīdōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīdōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīdiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīdōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīdiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīdanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīdōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīdanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīdini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīdōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīdini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīdammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīdōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīdammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīdinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīdōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīdinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīdammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīdōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīdammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>wīd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>wid, wyd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>wide</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>wyd, wid</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>wīd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>widj</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wied</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wiid</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>wīd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>wīt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wied</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Westphalian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Münsterländisch</lang>
                          <orth>wyt</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Paderbornisch</lang>
                          <orth>weyt, wyt</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sauerländisch</lang>
                          <orth>weyt</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*wīd</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wijt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wijd</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>wyd</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>wīt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>weit</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                      <orth>ווײַט (vayt)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>wīt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                      <orth>weck, wick, wiet, weit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>wäit, weit</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>víður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>víður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>vid</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>vid</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>vid</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vīþer, widher</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vid</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*vijδēs</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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