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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wīkwaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wīkwaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ave_vaejant" xml:lang="ave" type="cognate">
          <orth>𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>vaējaṇt</orth>
          </form>
          <def>swinging; present participle</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_eiko" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>εἴκω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>eíkō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to give way</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_txb_visam" xml:lang="txb" type="cognate">
          <orth>viśäṃ</orth>
          <def>should stay away; subjunctive</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wikwana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīkwaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wīkwaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwiː.kʷɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛁᚲᚹᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to yield, cease, fold</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to retreat</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *h₃wéyg-we-ti, from *h₃weyg- (‘to start moving; to distance oneself; to bend, wind’). Cognate with Avestan <mentioned xml:lang="ave" target="#cog_ave_vaejant"><ref target="#cog_ave_vaejant">𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙</ref></mentioned> (vaējaṇt, ‘swinging; present participle’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_eiko"><ref target="#cog_grc_eiko">εἴκω</ref></mentioned> (eíkō, ‘to give way’), οἴγω (oígō, ‘to open’), Tocharian B <mentioned xml:lang="txb" target="#cog_txb_visam"><ref target="#cog_txb_visam">viśäṃ</ref></mentioned> (‘should stay away; subjunctive’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wīkw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wīkwaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wīkwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>wīkwaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wīkwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wīkwaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>wīkwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wīkwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>waikw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>wikwį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>waiht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>wikwīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>waikw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>wikwī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>wikwū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>wikwīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>wikwudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>wikwīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wikwum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>wikwīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wikwud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>wikwīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wikwun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>wikwīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>wīkwandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>wikwanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>wīkwaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wīcan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wiken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>wieke</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*wīcan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wiken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wijken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>wyk</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wīcan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>wiken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wick</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>wick</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wīka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wieke</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wike, wyke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīhhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wīchen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>baichan</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>weichen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>wīkan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wîken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>wieken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ýkva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>vige</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>víkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>víkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>vike</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>vike</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ýkva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vīka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vika, vik</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víkva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>vige</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>víkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>víkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>vike</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>vike</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víkva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vīka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vika, vik</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víkja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>vige</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>víkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>víkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>vike</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>vike</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víkja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vīka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vika, vik</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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