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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wīnagardaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wīnagardaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_winagardaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīnagardaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wīnagardaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwiː.nɑ.ˌɣɑr.ðɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛁᚾᚨᚷᚨᚱᛞᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>vineyard</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *wīną (‘wine’) + *gardaz (‘enclosure’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>wīnagardaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>wīnagardōz, wīnagardōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>wīnagardą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>wīnagardanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>wīnagardas, wīnagardis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>wīnagardǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>wīnagardai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>wīnagardamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>wīnagardō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>wīnagardamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>wīnagard</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>wīnagardōz, wīnagardōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīnagard</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wīngardo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wijngaert, wijngart, wijngaerd</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wijngaard</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīnagard</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wīnġeard</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>vyneȝerd, vyneyerd, vineyarde, vineȝard, vynȝerde, vineȝerd, vyneȝeerd, vyneȝerde, vyneȝard, vyne-ȝarde, vynȝerd, wynȝard, viyn ȝerd, wineyerd, vineyard, vyneȝorde, winȝeard, win ȝard, winyard, winiærd</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>vineyard</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>vinyaird</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīnagard</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīngardo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wīngarte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Weingarten, Wingert</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wīnagard</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>wīngardo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wīngarde</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víngarðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>vingård</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>víngarður</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>vingård</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>víngarðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>vingardher</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vingård</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (weinagards)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Slavic</lang>
                    <orth>*vinogordъ</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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