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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wīsaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wīsaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_weyd_so_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*weyd-so-s</orth>
          <def>knowledgeable</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wisaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīsaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wīsaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwiː.sɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛁᛊᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>wise, knowledgeable</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_weyd_so_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_weyd_so_s">*weyd-so-s</ref></mentioned> (‘knowledgeable’), from *weyd- (‘to know’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīsaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīsō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīsą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīsôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīsō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīsanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīsǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīsą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīsanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīsōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīsō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīsas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīsaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīsas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīsaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīsaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīsaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīsammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīsaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīsammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīsaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīsaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīsaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīsanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīsaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīsanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>wīsaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>wīsaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>wīsaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīsô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīsǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīsô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīsaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīsōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīsōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīsanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīsōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīsô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīsanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīsōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīsōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīsiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīsōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīsiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīsanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīsōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīsanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīsini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīsōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīsini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīsammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīsōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīsammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīsinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīsōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīsinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>wīsammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>wīsōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>wīsammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>wīs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>wis, wys</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>wis, wise</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>wīs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>wis, wys</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>wise</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>wizard</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>wīs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wies</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wys, wiis</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>wīs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>wīs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                      <orth>weis</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>wīs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>wīs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>wies</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Westphalian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>wīs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wijs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wijs</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                        <orth>wies</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>wīs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīsi</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>wīs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>wīse</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>weise</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚹᛁᛊᚨᛉ (*wīsaʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>víss</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>vis</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>vísur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>vís</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>vis</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚹᛁᛊᚨᛉ (*wīsaʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>víss</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vīs</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>vis</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*viisas</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Finnish</lang>
                    <orth>viisas</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*viisas</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                    <orth>*vijsēs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Northern Sami</lang>
                      <orth>viissis</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Southern Sami</lang>
                      <orth>vijsies</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*weis)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
