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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *wīz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_wīz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_wiz_x2" type="pronoun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>wīz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈwiːz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚹᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>pronoun</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>we</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *wéy, plural of *éǵh₂.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#nom">
              <orth>wīz, unstressed *wiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#acc">
              <orth>uns</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#dat">
              <orth>unsiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#instr">
              <orth>unsiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wiʀ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>wī</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>wi</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>wij, we</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>wy</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>wāi</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>wellie</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wiʀ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wē, wœ̄, wæ, ƿē</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>we, ve, whe, huue, hwe, vue, wæ, weo, woe, wue</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>we, oo</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>wough, wu, wee, we, w'</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wiʀ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>wē, wœ̄, wæ, ƿē</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>we, ve, whe, huue, hwe, vue, wæ, weo, woe, wue</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>we</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jamaican Creole</lang>
                          <orth>wi</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>wi</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wiʀ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>wī, wē</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wi, wü</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wie</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>wy</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wiʀ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wir</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wir</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>wir</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wiʀ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wir</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wir</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                          <orth>biar, bar</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Mòcheno</lang>
                          <orth>biar</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wiʀ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>wir</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>wir</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>mir</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                          <orth>mir, mier</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                          <orth>mia</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>mir</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                          <orth>meer</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>mir, mer</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Pennsylvania German</lang>
                          <orth>mer</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                          <orth>מיר (mir)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*wiʀ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>wī</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>wî</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>wir</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch Low Saxon</lang>
                          <orth>wi</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>wi</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚹᛁᛉ (*wiʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old East Norse</lang>
                    <orth>*wīʀ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                      <orth>wįr</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚹᛁᛉ (*wiʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old East Norse</lang>
                    <orth>*wīʀ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                      <orth>wii, wi</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>vi</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                          <orth>vi</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                            <orth>vi</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚹᛁᛉ (*wiʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old East Norse</lang>
                    <orth>*wīʀ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>vīr, vī, ᚠᛁᚱ</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>vi</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>vi</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚹᛁᛉ (*wiʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>wir</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>výr</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᚹᛁᛉ (*wiʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old West Norse</lang>
                    <orth>vér, vær, mér, *wīʀ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>vær</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>vér, vær</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>me</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (weis)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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