Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *-ôScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ô_2
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und PronominalstämmeGeorge E.DunkelUniversitätsverlag Winter22014A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic LanguagesRobert D.FulkJohn Benjamins Publishing Company2018From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)DonRingeOxfordOxford University Press2017𐌸𐌰𐌸𐍂𐍉thence, from there
suffixadverblike English “-ly” in function; forms adverbs of manner or quality from adjectives, with the sense ‘in an X way, X-ly’Probably from a fossilized Proto-Indo-European thematic ablative singular case form used adverbially. The prehistory of the ending is disputed. Ringe 2017: 168 derives the Proto-Germanic trimoric adverbial ending *-ô from Core PIE *-e-ad, itself an innovation built from the thematic locative singular *-e plus the particle or postposition *ad (compare Dunkel’s 2014: 180*é-ad formation). A more traditional analysis, followed by Fulk 2018: 85–86, reconstructs the thematic ablative as*-o-h₁ed, yielding pre-Germanic *-ōd and then PGmc adverbial *-ô(t). The same ending is preserved with a clearer ablatival sense in Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌸𐍂𐍉Ringe 2017: 168, 225. In adverbs derived from adjectives, the inherited ablatival value was generalized to a manner-adverbial function. Compare Proto-East Baltic *-ā, reflected in the thematic genitive singular Lithuanian -o and Latvian -a, which Ringe 2017: 168 connects with the same older *-e-ad formation.