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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þagjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þagjaną_1</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_thk" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*tHk-</orth>
          <def>to be silent</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thagjana_1" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þagjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þagjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθɑɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚨᚷᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to be silent, to not speak</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_thk"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_thk">*tHk-</ref></mentioned> (‘to be silent’). Cognate with Proto-Italic *takēō. Kroonen reconstructs a stative formation common to the Latin and Germanic.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þagjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þagjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þagaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þagjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þagai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þagaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þagjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þagjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þagjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þagjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þagjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þagjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þagjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þagjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þagjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þagaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þagjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þagaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þagjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þagjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þagjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þagdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þagdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þagdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þagdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þagdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þagdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þagdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þagdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þagdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þagdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þagdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þagdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þagdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þagdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þagdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þagdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þagjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þagdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þagjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þagēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>dagēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>dagen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þegja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>taja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tiga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>tige</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þegja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tegja, teia, tea, tigja, tiga, teiga, tyjå</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þegja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>thighæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scanian</lang>
                      <orth>tæğa, tiğa</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þegja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>thighæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>tie</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>tie</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þegja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þighia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tiga</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌸𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (þahan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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