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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þakwōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þakwōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_tetagon" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>τεταγών</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>tetagṓn</orth>
          </form>
          <def>having seized</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_teh2g_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*teh₂g-</orth>
          <def>to touch</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_tango" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>tangō</orth>
          <def>I touch</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_touch_feel_verb" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>taxō</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>“touch, feel”, verb</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thakwona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þakwōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þakwōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθɑ.kʷɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚨᚲᚹᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to touch, pat, tap</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_teh2g_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_teh2g_x2">*teh₂g-</ref></mentioned> (‘to touch’), either derived from a u-stem derivative of the root + *-ōną, or, if the alternative reconstruction *þakkōną is correct, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *th₂gnéh₂ti and thus formally cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_tango"><ref target="#cog_lat_tango">tangō</ref></mentioned> (“touch”, verb). Further cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_tetagon"><ref target="#cog_grc_tetagon">τεταγών</ref></mentioned> (tetagṓn, ‘having seized’), τάσσω (tássō, ‘arrange’) and Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_touch_feel_verb"><ref target="#cog_lat_touch_feel_verb">taxō</ref></mentioned> (“touch, feel”, verb). Phonemically similar to Proto-Germanic *tēkaną (‘to touch’), and may even be related (see there for more)</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þakwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þakwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þakwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þakwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þakwōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þakwōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þakwōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þakwōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þakwōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þakwōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þakwōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þakwōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þakwōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þakwōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þakwōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þakwōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þakwōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þakwōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þakwōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*thakon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>daken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þakwōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þaccian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>thakken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>thack, thwack</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>thack, thwak</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þakwōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*thakkōn, *thakōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>thakolōn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þakkōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*thakon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>daken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þakkōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þaccian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>thakken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>thack, thwack</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>thack, thwak</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þakkōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*thakkōn, *thakōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>thakolōn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þjökka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þjaka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>tjåka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þjökka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>*tjaka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>tjakast</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þjaka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þjaka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>tjåka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þjaka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>*tjaka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>tjakast</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
