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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þankaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þankaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thankaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þankaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þankaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθɑŋ.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚨᚾᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>thought; mind; consideration</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>remembrance</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>gratitude; thanks</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *tóng-o-s, from *teng- (‘to think, feel, perceive, know’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>þankaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>þankōz, þankōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>þanką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>þankanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>þankas, þankis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>þankǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>þankai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>þankamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>þankō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>þankamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>þank</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>þankōz, þankōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>þanc</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>thank, thonk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>thank, thanks</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>thank, thanks</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>þonc</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>thank, thonk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>thank, thanks</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>thank, thanks</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>thank</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>Tonk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>tanck, tank</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>thonk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>Tonk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>tanck, tank</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>thank</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>dank</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Dank</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>thank</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>danc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dank</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>dank</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>dankie</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>danc</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>danc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Dank</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                      <orth>dzięka</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                      <orth>דאַנק (dank)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>danc</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>danc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Czech</lang>
                      <orth>diek</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Czech</lang>
                        <orth>dík</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>danc</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>danc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Sorbian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Lower Sorbian</lang>
                        <orth>źěk</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Upper Sorbian</lang>
                        <orth>dźak</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þǫkk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>tokk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tøkk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þökk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>takk</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þǫkk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tak</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>takk</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>takk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þǫkk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þak</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tack</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐍃 (þagks)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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