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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þankijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þankijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_tongeo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>tongeō</orth>
          <def>know</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thankijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þankijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þankijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθɑŋ.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚨᚾᚲᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to perceive, to think</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *tong-éye-ti, causative of *teng- (‘to think, feel, perceive, know’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_tongeo"><ref target="#cog_lat_tongeo">tongeō</ref></mentioned> (‘know’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þankijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þankijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þankijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þankijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þankijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þankijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þankijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þankijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þankijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þankijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þankijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þankijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þanhtǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þanhtēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þanhtēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þanhtēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þanhtē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þanhtēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þanhtēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þanhtēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þanhtēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þanhtēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þanhtēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þanhtēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þanhtēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þanhtēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þanhtēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þanhtēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þankijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þankidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þankijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thenken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>denken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>dinke</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thenken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>denken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>denken, dinken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>dink, denk</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Aukan</lang>
                          <orth>denki</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>dänke</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>denk, dink, diṅk, diṅg, diṅ</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thenken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>denken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>denken, dinken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>denki</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Caribbean Javanese</lang>
                            <orth>dèngki</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Saramaccan</lang>
                            <orth>tínga</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þenċan, þenċean</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>thinken, thenchen, thenken, thynken, thinke, think</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>think</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>think, thynk</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>thenka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>teenk, taanke, tanke, tånke</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>toanke</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tinke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>denken, thenken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>denken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>tenke</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>denken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>דענקען (denken)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thenkian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>denken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>denken, dinken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>denkjen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Polabian</lang>
                        <orth>denkot</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thenkian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>denken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>þenkja</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                          <orth>taintja</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Faroese</lang>
                          <orth>teinkja</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                          <orth>tänke</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                          <orth>þenkja</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                          <orth>tenke</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>tenke, tenka, tenkje, tenkja</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scanian</lang>
                          <orth>tæńḱa</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thenkian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>denken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>þenkja</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                          <orth>thænkæ</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Danish</lang>
                            <orth>tænke</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thenkian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>denken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>þenkja</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>þænkia</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Swedish</lang>
                            <orth>tänka</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þekkja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tekkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þekkja</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þagkjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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