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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þankōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þankōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thankona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þankōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þankōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθɑŋ.kɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚨᚾᚲᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to thank</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *þankaz (‘gratitude’) + *-ōną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þankō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þankǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þankōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þankōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þankōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þankōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þankōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þankōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þankōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þankōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þankōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þankōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þankōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þankōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þankōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þankōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þankōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þankōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þankōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þankōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þankōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þankōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þankōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þankōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þankōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þankōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þankōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thancon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>danken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>danke</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thancon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>danken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>danken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>dank</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þancian, þoncian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>thanken, thonken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>thank</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>thank, thonk</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>thankia, thonkia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tonkje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>taensjen, tankje, tanke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>dankōn, thankōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Czech</lang>
                      <orth>děkovat</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Lithuanian</lang>
                      <orth>dėkoti</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Russian</lang>
                      <orth>дя́ковать (djákovatʹ)</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Slovak</lang>
                      <orth>ďakovať</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Sorbian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>dankōn, thankōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>danken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>dånkan</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>danken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>danken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>דאַנקען (danken)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>dankōn, thankōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                      <orth>dziękować</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Silesian</lang>
                        <orth>dziynkować</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>dankōn, thankōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                      <orth>dziękować</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Ruthenian</lang>
                        <orth>дѧ́ковати (djákovati), дєковати (djekovati), дѧкувати (djakuvati), дѧковать (djakovatʹ), дїѧковати (dijakovati), дъѧковати (dʺjakovati)</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Belarusian</lang>
                          <orth>дзя́каваць (dzjákavacʹ)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Carpathian Rusyn</lang>
                          <orth>дя́ковати (djákovaty)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Russian</lang>
                          <orth>дя́кувать (djákuvatʹ), дя́кать (djákatʹ)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Ukrainian</lang>
                          <orth>дя́кувати (djákuvaty), дя́чувати (djáčuvaty), дє́кувати (djékuvaty)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>dankōn, thankōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                      <orth>dziękować</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Polish</lang>
                        <orth>dziękować, dziekować</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Kashubian</lang>
                          <orth>dzãkòwac</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þankōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thankōn, thancōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>danken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>danken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þakka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>takke</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>takka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þakka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Inari Sami</lang>
                    <orth>takkâ</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>takke</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>takka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þakka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þakka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tacka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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