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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þarbāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þarbāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_tharbana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þarbāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þarbāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθɑr.βɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to need, to want, to lack</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *þarbō (‘need’) + *-āną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þarbō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þarbaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þarbai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þarbāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þarbaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þarbāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þarbāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þarbōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þarbāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þarbāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þarbāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þarbānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þarbaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þarbaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þarbānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þarbānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þarbānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þarbānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þarbadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þarbadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þarbadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þarbadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þarbadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þarbadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þarbadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þarbadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þarbadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þarbadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þarbadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þarbadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þarbadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þarbadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þarbadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þarbadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þarbāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þarbadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þarbāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þarbēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þearfian</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þarbēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>tharvon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>darven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>derven</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>derf, derwe</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þarbēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>darbēn, darbōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>darben</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>darben</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þarbēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>tharvōn, tharbōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>darven</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þarfa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tarva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þarfa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (gaþarban)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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