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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þawjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þawjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_teh2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*teh₂-</orth>
          <def>to melt, flow</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thawjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þawjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þawjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθɑw.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚨᚹᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to thaw</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_teh2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_teh2">*teh₂-</ref></mentioned> (‘to melt’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þawjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þawjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þawjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þawisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þawjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þawi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þawjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þawjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þawiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þawjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þawjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þawjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þawjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þawjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þawjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þawjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þawjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þawjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þawjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þawjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þawjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þawjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þawiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þawjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þawiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þawjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þawjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þawjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þawjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þawjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þawjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þawjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þawidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þawidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þawidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þawidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þawidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þawidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þawidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þawidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þawidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þawidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þawidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þawidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þawidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þawidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þawidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þawidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þawjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þawidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þawjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*thōien</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dôyen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>dooien</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                          <orth>dooije</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*þāwan, þawian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>thawen, thowen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>thaw</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>thow</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*thāia, *thēia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tuai</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>teie</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>douwen, dewen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>douwen, döuwen, dewen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>dauen, däuen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>douwen, dewen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>douwen, döuwen, dewen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>touwen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>tauen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>douwen, dewen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>firthouwen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>verdouwen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>verdauen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þauwjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*thewian, thōian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>douwen, dôien, deyen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>deien</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>daie</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>þawōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*thōien</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dôyen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>dooien</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                          <orth>dooije</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>þawōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*þāwan, þawian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>thawen, thowen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>thaw</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>thow</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>þawōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*thāia, *thēia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tuai</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>teie</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>þawōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>douwen, dewen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>douwen, döuwen, dewen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>dauen, däuen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>þawōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>douwen, dewen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>douwen, döuwen, dewen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>touwen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>tauen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>þawōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>douwen, dewen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>firthouwen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>verdouwen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>verdauen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>þawōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*thewian, thōian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>douwen, dôien, deyen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>deien</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>daie</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þeyja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tø</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>toyggja, toya</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þeyja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>tøya</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>töa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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