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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þegnaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þegnaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_teknon" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>τέκνον</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>téknon</orth>
          </form>
          <def>child</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thegnaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þegnaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þegnaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθeɣ.nɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᛖᚷᚾᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>retainer, servant</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Often compared with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_teknon"><ref target="#cog_grc_teknon">τέκνον</ref></mentioned> (téknon, ‘child’). Kroonen instead sees a derivation from *þigjaną (‘to request, beg’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>þegnaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>þegnōz, þegnōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>þegną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>þegnanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>þegnas, þignis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>þegnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>þegnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>þegnamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>þegnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>þegnamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>þegn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>þegnōz, þegnōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þegn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*thegen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>thegenlīko</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þegn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*thegen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dēgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>degen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þegn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þeġn, þæġn, þēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                      <orth>thainus</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þegn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þeġn, þæġn, þēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>theyn, dain, thain, thayn, thein, þen, þein, þeyn, ðæin, þægen, þægn, þegen, þegn, þeȝn, þeign</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>thane</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Irish</lang>
                        <orth>taen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>thane</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þegn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>dëgan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>dëgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Degen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þegn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thegan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>degen, dēgen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þegn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þegn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þegn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þæghn, þiæghn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tegn, tägn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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