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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þigjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þigjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_ktaomai" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>κτάομαι</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ktáomai</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to acquire</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_tek" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*tek-</orth>
          <def>to take by the hand, receive, obtain</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_tekti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>tèkti</orth>
          <def>to be granted</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_techtaim" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>techtaim</orth>
          <def>I possess</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thigjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þigjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þigjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθiɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᛁᚷᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to accept, receive</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to implore, beg</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *tek-yé-ti, from the root Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_tek"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_tek">*tek-</ref></mentioned> (‘to take by the hand, receive, obtain’). Cognate with Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_techtaim"><ref target="#cog_sga_techtaim">techtaim</ref></mentioned> (‘I possess’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_tekti"><ref target="#cog_lit_tekti">tèkti</ref></mentioned> (‘to be granted’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_ktaomai"><ref target="#cog_grc_ktaomai">κτάομαι</ref></mentioned> (ktáomai, ‘to acquire’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þigjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þigjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þigjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þigisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þigjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þigi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þigjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þigjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þigiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þigjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þigjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þigjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þigjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þigjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þigjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þigjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þigjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þigjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þigjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þigjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þigjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þigjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þigiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þigjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þigiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þigjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þigjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þigjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þigjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þigjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þigjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þigjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þag</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þēgį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þaht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þēgīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þag</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þēgī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þēgū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þēgīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þēgudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þēgīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þēgum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þēgīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þēgud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þēgīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þēgun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þēgīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þigjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þeganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þigjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þiggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thiggen</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thiggian</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þiggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þiċġan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>thiggen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>thig</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>thig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þiggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*thicken, *thiggen, diggen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>digen, diegen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>digen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þiggja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tigge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tiggja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þiggja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>tigge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tigga, tiggja, teggja, tige</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þiggja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þiggia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tigga</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
