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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þingą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þingą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thinga" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þingą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þingą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθiŋ.ɡɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᛁᚾᚷᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>appointed time; date; appointment</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>meeting; assembly, council</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>case, matter, issue (such as what is discussed at an assembly)</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="4">
            <def>thing, object</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From earlier Proto-Indo-European *tenkóm, likely from *tenk- (‘to be suitable’) (compare *þinhaną (‘to succeed’) for more cognates), in which case the original meaning was "suitable time; scheduled time", which then shifted to "assembly; issue, matter to discuss".</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>þingą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>þingō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>þingą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>þingō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>þingas, þingis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>þingǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>þingai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>þingamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>þingō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>þingamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>þingą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>þingō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þing</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thinc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dinc</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>dink, ding</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þing</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thinc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dinc</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>ding</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>ding</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>dinggi</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>däng</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þing</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þing, þinċġ, þinġċ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>thing, thinge, thyng</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>thing</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>thing, ting, hing</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>dhing</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þing</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>thing</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Ding</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>ting, ding</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þing</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ding, dinc, dink, thing</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>dinc</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>ding</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Ding</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Déngen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Pennsylvania German</lang>
                        <orth>Ding</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þing</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thing</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dink</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Dinkj</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þing</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thing</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dink</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Ding</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>Ding</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þing</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>ting</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>German</lang>
                    <orth>Thing</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>tingg</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þing</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>ting</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>ting</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þing</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>þing, thing</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>ting</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>ting</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þing</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þing</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>ting</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*tiŋkē</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*tinka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Finnish</lang>
                    <orth>tinka</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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