<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þinhaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þinhaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_tonketos" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*tonketos</orth>
          <def>destiny</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_tenk" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*tenk-</orth>
          <def>to be suitable</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_tikt" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>tikt</orth>
          <def>to arrive at</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_tikti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>ti̇̀kti</orth>
          <def>to fit, suit</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thinhana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þinhaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þinhaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθĩː.xɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᛁᚾᚺᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to thrive</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_tenk"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_tenk">*tenk-</ref></mentioned> (‘to be suitable’). Possibly related to Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_tikti"><ref target="#cog_lit_tikti">ti̇̀kti</ref></mentioned> (‘to fit, suit’), pati̇̀kti (‘to appeal, like’), Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_tikt"><ref target="#cog_lav_tikt">tikt</ref></mentioned> (‘to arrive at’), Ukrainian такнути (taknuty, ‘to be helpful’), and perhaps Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_tonketos"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_tonketos">*tonketos</ref></mentioned> (‘destiny’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þinhō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þinhaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þinhai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þinhizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þinhaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þinh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þinhazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þinhaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þinhidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þinhai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þinhadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þinhadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þinhaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þinhōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þinhaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þinhadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þinhaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þinhadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þinhamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þinhaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þinhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þinhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þinhid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þinhaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þinhid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þinhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þinhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þinhandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þinhain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þinhandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þinhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þinhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þanh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þungį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þanht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þungīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þanh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þungī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þungū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þungīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þungudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þungīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þungum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þungīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þungud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þungīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þungun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þungīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þinhandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þunganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þinhaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þį̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thīan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>diën</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>dijen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þį̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>þīon, þēon, ġeþingan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>theen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>thee</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>thee, the</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þį̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>thīgia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tiegje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>dije</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þį̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>thīhan, dīhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>dīhen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>gedeihen, gediegen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>gedeien</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>געדײַען (gedayen)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þį̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thīhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dîhen, dîen, dîgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>deen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þį̄han</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thīhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>dîhen, dîen, dîgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>dejen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                          <orth>däie</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (þeihan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
