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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þinsaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þinsaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_tens" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*tens-</orth>
          <def>to stretch</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_tams" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>तंस्</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>taṃs</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to shake about, move</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_thinsana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þinsaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þinsaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθin.sɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᛁᚾᛊᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to stretch</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_tens"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_tens">*tens-</ref></mentioned> (‘to stretch’). Related to Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_tams"><ref target="#cog_san_tams">तंस्</ref></mentioned> (taṃs, ‘to shake about, move’), Lithuanian tęsti (‘to stretch (out); to continue, extend’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þinsō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þinsaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þinsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þinsizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þinsaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þins</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þinsazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þinsaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þinsidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þinsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þinsadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þinsadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þinsaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þinsōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þinsaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þinsadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þinsaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þinsadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þinsamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þinsaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þinsandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þinsaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þinsid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þinsaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þinsid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þinsandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þinsaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þinsandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þinsain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þinsandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þinsandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þinsaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þans</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þunsį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þanst</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þunsīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þans</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þunsī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þunsū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þunsīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þunsudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þunsīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þunsum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þunsīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þunsud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þunsīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þunsun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þunsīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þinsandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þunsanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þinsaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þinsan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>thinsan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þinsan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>thinsan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dinsen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*þinsan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>dinsan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>dinsen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌸𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌽 (þinsan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
