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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *þreskaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_þreskaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_terh1" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*terh₁-</orth>
          <def>to rub, turn</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_threskana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þreskaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>þreskaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈθres.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚦᚱᛖᛊᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to thresh</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to tread</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_terh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_terh1">*terh₁-</ref></mentioned> (‘to rub, turn’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þreskō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þreskaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þreskai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þriskizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þreskaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þresk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þreskazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þreskaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þriskidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þreskai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þreskadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þreskadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þreskaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þreskōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>þreskaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þreskadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þreskaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>þreskadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þreskamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þreskaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þreskandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þreskaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þriskid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þreskaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þriskid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þreskandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þreskaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þreskandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þreskain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þreskandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þreskandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þreskaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þrask</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>þruskį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þrast</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>þruskīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þrask</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>þruskī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>þruskū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>þruskīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>þruskudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>þruskīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þruskum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>þruskīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þruskud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>þruskīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þruskun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>þruskīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>þreskandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>þruskanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>þreskaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>þersċan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>threshen, thresshen, threschen, thrasshen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>thresh, thrash</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>thresch, thrash</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>þresċan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>threshen, thresshen, threschen, thrasshen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>thresh, thrash</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>thresch, thrash</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>þrexan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>threshen, thresshen, threschen, thrasshen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>thresh, thrash</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>thresch, thrash</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>*therska</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>seenk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>täärske</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>terskje</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*threskan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>derschen, dorschen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>döschen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*therskan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>derschen, dorschen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>döschen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Frankish</lang>
                  <orth>*threskan</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*threscan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>derschen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>dorsen, dorschen, derschen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>dors</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*threscan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*trescāre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Italian</lang>
                      <orth>trescare</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>trescher, treschier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>dreskan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>dreschen, dröschen, treschen, tröschen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>dreschen</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                      <orth>dreschen</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                      <orth>דרעשן (dreshn)</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þreskja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tærske, tæske</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>treskja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>þreskja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>treske</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>treskja, treska (dialectal) tryskja, trøskja, trøska, treiskje, trùska</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>þreskja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>þriska, þryskja</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tröska</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*triscāre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Galician</lang>
                      <orth>triscar</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Portuguese</lang>
                      <orth>triscar</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Spanish</lang>
                      <orth>triscar</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*rehkidäk</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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